Polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PANI-MWCNT) composite synthesized through chemical polymerization is investigated as a possible electrode material for supercapacitor as well as an electro-catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) have been used to characterize the electrode material. The binder-free electrodes were prepared and they exhibit a specific capacitance of 540.29 F g?1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s?1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The material exhibits excellent pseudocapacitive behaviour due to the presence of PANI with long-term cyclic stability of 87.4% retention after 5000 cycles. PANI-MWCNT composite also shows good HER activity, with overpotential of ?395 mV. 相似文献
Here we have approached the plausible use of CuFeS2 nanocomposite as an acceptor in organic–inorganic hybrid solar cell. To produce CuFeS2 nanocomposite, hydrothermal strategy was employed. The room-temperature XRD pattern approves the synthesized material as CuFeS2 with no phase impurity (JCPDS Card no: 37-0471). The elemental composition of the material was analyzed from the TEM-EDX data. The obtained selected area electron diffraction (SAED) planes harmonized with the XRD pattern of the synthesized product. Optical band gap (4.14 eV) of the composite from UV–Vis analysis depicts that the synthesized material is belonging to wide band gap semiconductor family. The HOMO (? 6.97 eV) and LUMO (? 2.93 eV) positions from electrochemical study reveal that there is a possibility of electron transfer from MEH-PPV to CuFeS2. The optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of MEH-PPV:CuFeS2 (donor:acceptor) composite were recorded sequentially by varying weight ratios. The monotonic blue shifting of the absorption peak position indicated the interaction between donor and acceptor materials. The possibility of electron transfer from donor (MEH-PPV) to acceptor (CuFeS2) was approved with photoluminescence analysis. Subsequently, we have fabricated a hybrid solar cell by incorporating CuFeS2 nanocomposite with MEH-PPV in open atmosphere and obtained 0.3% power conversion efficiency. 相似文献
Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) offer the superior characteristics of polymer composites (i.e., light weight, high strength and stiffness) with the ductility and fracture strength of metals. The bond strength between the two dissimilar materials, composite and metal, dictates the properties and performance of the FMLs. The bonding becomes more critical when the polymer matrix is thermoplastic and hydrophobic in nature. This work employed a novel bonding technique between thermoplastic composites and a metal layer using six different combinations of organic coatings. The flexural, and interlaminar shear strength of the thermoplastic fiber metal laminates (TP-FMLs) were examined to investigate the bond strengths in the different cases along with fracture characteristics revealed from the tested samples using scanning electron microscopy. The viscoelastic performance of the fabricated TP-FMLs were also investigated using the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis method. 相似文献
India has a large poor population in spite of having a steady economic growth. Supply of centralized grid power to remote villages of India is not feasible due to adverse topography and poor economic condition of the villagers. To supply the reliable power at a minimum cost including penalty due to carbon dioxide emission, a suitable decentralized energy combination using locally available resources may be a better sustainable solution. The economy of such a hybrid energy supply system significantly depends on storage devices and dispatch strategies. Therefore, selection of appropriate storage devices and dispatch strategy need to be optimized based on available local resources. In this study, the comparative analysis of techno-economic factors for five different storage devices (lead acid battery, lithium-ion battery, vanadium redox battery, zinc bromide battery and pumped hydro energy storage) are studied under two different dispatch strategies, i.e., Load Following and Cycle Charging. The estimated cost of energy and net present cost of the recommended optimum combined energy system are in the range of US$0.197/kWh–US$0.453/kWh and US$3,62,384–US$5,76,369, respectively. The cost of energy, net present cost and carbon dioxide emission for the selected energy generators combination with the zinc bromide battery is 48.964–56.512%, 24.149–32.147% and 43.419–55.865% lower than other storage-based energy systems, respectively. The abovementioned economic and environmental factors are lower by 34.113, 10.489 and 31.094%, respectively, under Load Following dispatch strategy with respect to the Cycle Charging dispatch strategy for the optimum energy combination with zinc bromide battery.
In this article, a combined experimental and theoretical approach has been proposed to establish a relationship between the required shear force and the degree of delamination of clay tactoids during the melt-processing of polymer nanocomposites. Polypropylene (PP) was selected as a model polymer, and nanocomposites of PP with organically modified clay were prepared by a master batch dilution technique in a twin-screw extruder. The effect of PP throughput during the dilution of the master batch on the dispersion and orientation of clay platelets were studied in detail. Powder X-ray diffraction, small and wide angle X-ray scattering and high resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to study the structure and morphology of the obtained nanocomposites. The results showed that a lower feeding rate led to the orientation of clay platelets almost in the direction of extrusion. The adhesive force and the interaction energy between the clay platelets were theoretically calculated using the Hamaker approach. The analysis showed that the peeling mechanism is a practical explanation for the delamination of clay platelets during melt extrusion and that the dimensions of the clay platelet tactoids play an important role in the peeling due to the shear stress. 相似文献